Background: Amniotic Band Syndrome (ABS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by fibrous amniotic strands that entangle fetal parts, leading to a spectrum of deformities ranging from superficial constriction rings to severe limb hypoplasia or amputation. The severity of presentation depends on the timing and extent of amniotic disruption during gestation. Although commonly diagnosed postnatally, prenatal detection has improved with advanced imaging modalities.

Purpose: This report aims to describe a rare case of limb hypoplasia with distal gangrene resulting from amniotic band syndrome, emphasizing clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies, followed by a review of relevant literature.

Methods: A full-term neonate presented with multiple constriction bands on the right upper limb and distal gangrene of the affected digits. Clinical examination and imaging studies confirmed the diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome with associated vascular compromise. The patient underwent prompt surgical intervention to release constriction bands and restore distal circulation, followed by conservative wound management and close postoperative monitoring. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus to contextualize this case within current clinical understanding.

Key Findings: The case highlights the potential for amniotic bands to cause severe ischemic complications, including gangrene, even in the absence of major skeletal anomalies. Early diagnosis and timely surgical decompression are crucial in preserving limb function and preventing tissue loss. Literature review indicates that outcomes depend on the depth of constriction, vascular involvement, and promptness of intervention.