Background: Menstrual disturbances, including irregular cycles, amenorrhea, and dysmenorrhea, are common gynecological concerns that can reflect underlying hormonal and metabolic imbalances. Body Mass Index (BMI), an indicator of nutritional and metabolic status, has been recognized as a potential factor influencing menstrual regularity. Understanding the relationship between BMI and menstrual patterns is essential for early identification and prevention of reproductive health issues.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of menstrual disturbances and their association with BMI among women of reproductive age.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 women aged 18–40 years attending outpatient clinics and educational institutions. Participants were selected using convenient sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire on menstrual history, lifestyle factors, and anthropometric measurements. BMI was calculated and categorized according to WHO criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and logistic regression tests to determine associations between BMI and menstrual irregularities, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Menstrual disturbances were reported by 46.3% of participants. Irregular cycles and oligomenorrhea were significantly more prevalent among overweight and obese women (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²), while underweight women (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²) exhibited a higher rate of amenorrhea. A significant association was observed between BMI and menstrual regularity (p = 0.01). Logistic regression indicated that women with obesity were 2.4 times more likely to experience menstrual irregularities compared to women with normal BMI.